With 140 million people, Nigeria is the most populous African country - one in four Africans is a Nigerian. It is also Africa’s biggest oil exporter, yet half of its population lives below the poverty line, it receives only $6 of aid per capita a year and barely has any infrastructure to speak of. A committed team of reformers has set the country on the path of economic recovery since 2003. Whether new President Yar’Adua will be able to lock-in the achievements of the past few years and keep up the reform momentum will be crucial to give Nigeria a chance to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).